Type composing method and apparatus



April .12, 1966 E. P. HANSON TYPE COMPOSING METHOD AND APPARATUS Original Filed Aug. 1. 1960 16 Sheets-Sheet 1 O O O 0 0 56 Q C FIG. I

i ,CI 58 PERMUTATION DECIMAL BARS IT H "-3 WW I 1 CARDS\ 1 I II SPECIAL UPPER LOwER LOwER l CARD 1 CASE CAFSQE (CI/REED AR CA I C D EvEN ODD EXP EXP I CT- C9 FIG.3\ DECIMAL-TO-BINARY CONVERTER CIRCUIT EXPANSION MINIMUM wIDTH ACCUMULATOR THIN SPACES ACCUMULATOR "X" A INDICATOR "A" FIO.4 i FIGS} 5/08 1' i PICA L COMPARISON I 1 I CIRCUIT I I l FIGS.8 8. I0) I 6 i SPECIAL MAXIMUM EN SPACE THIN SPACES SPACE CONTROLS INDICATOR INDICATOR I 7 FIC. 7 I HAMMER J -t CIRCUIT g3 IN- l5 PIN REGISTER S,A,B ,D, ,l,2, EF,G,R READER 8 /-FIGS. 9 BI l2 4 8 l6 REPEATER FIG. |3 INSERT LEADERS L INDENTION AND BLANKS CONTROL wORD AND QUADDING r CHARACTER INVENTOR.

SPACING %%%m FIGS. I? a Is I BY 1202/ PUNCH FIG. [4 FIG. l6- CIRCUIT W ,4/

A ril 12, 1966 E. P. HANSON 3,245,614

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TYPE COMPOS-ING METHOD AND APPARATUS Original Filed Aug. 1. 1960 16 Sheets-Sheet L STAGES 2 -roz4 April .12, 1966 E. P. HANSON 3,245,614

TYPE COMPOSING METHOD AND APPARATUS April 12, 1966 E. P. HANSON 3,245,614

TYPE COMPOSING METHOD AND APPARATUS Original Filed Aug. 1. 1960 16 Sheets-Sheet 6 April 12, 1966 E. P. HANSON 3,245,614

TYPE COMPOSING METHOD AND APPARATUS Original Filed Aug. 1, 1960 16 Sheets-Sheet 7 [4 2 31% F ""1 3 A64 l--- 200 7 "X321! A32- rk ENSPACE 1 7 INDICATOR 1x8 HA8 I JL J ,'r |N-J April -12, 1966 E. P. HANSON 3,245,614

TYPE COMPOSING METHOD AND APPARATUS Original Filed Aug. 1. 1960 16 Sheets-Sheet 8 April 1966 E. P. HANSON 3,245,614

TYPE COMPOSING METHOD AND APPARATUS Original Filed Aug. 1. 1960 l6 Sheets-Sheet 9 QEADER T42 H H P1 F1 April 12, 1966 E. P. HANSON 3,245,614

TYPE COMPOSING METHOD AND APPARATUS Original Filed Aug. 1, 1960 16 Sheets-Sheet 10 lN-P slo RIB 306 SHIFT CAMZ c====a CAM3 CAM4 z:

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April 12, 1966 E. P. HANSON 3,245,614

TYPE COMPOSING METHOD AND APPARATUS Original Filed Aug. 1. 1960 16 Sheets-Sheet ll A ril 12, 1966 E. P. HANSON 3,245,614

TYPE COMFOSING METHOD AND APPARATUS Original Filed Aug. 1, 1960 16 Sheets-Sheet 12 moewr sP/scE "RIGHT" o ,CENTERO T3 T8! April 1966 E. P. HANSON 3,245,614

TYPE COMPOSING METHOD AND APPARATUS April 12, 1966 E. P. HANSON 3,245,614

TYPE COMPOSING METHOD AND APPARATUS Original Filed Aug. 1. 1960 16 Sheets-Sheet l4 p 1966 E. P. HANSON 3,245,614

TYPE COMPOSING METHOD AND APPARATUS Original Filed Aug. 1, 1960 16 Sheets-Sheet 15 April 1966 E. P. HANSON 3,245,614

TYPE COMPOSING METHOD AND APPARATUS Original Filed Aug. 1. 1960 16 Sheets-Sheet 16 P pep PQP P P PMP p p P United States Patent TYPE COMPOSlNG METHOD AND APPARATUS Ellis P. Hanson, Rockport, Mass, assignor to Photon,

Inc., Cambridge, Mass., a corporation of Massachusetts Original application Aug. 1, 1960, Ser. No. 46,423, now Patent No. 3,171,592, dated Mar. 2, IMS. Divided and this application Feb. 23, 1965, Ser. No. 430,240

"7 Claims. (Cl. 234-1) This is a division of my copending application Serial No. 46,423, filed August 1, 1960, Patent No. 3,171,592, dated March 2, 1965,v which was a continuation-in-part of Serial No. 21,740, filed April 12, 1960, now abandoned.

The present invention relates generally to apparatus for perforating a coded tape according to information suitable for operation of a linecasting machine.

Presently known apparatus is available for perforating a paper tape which is later fed through a tape reader for controlling the operation of a linecastin-g machine. The principal object of this invention is to provide improved apparatus for making the perforations in the tape, whereby certain defects and limitations of the previously known apparatus can be eliminated.

An important object of this invention is to provide means for eliminating from the tape those errors that result from typographical mistakes of the operator that are recognized at or before the completion of typing of the lines in which they occur. In 'a presently known tape perforator, all errors of typing result in corresponding tape perforations, and it is either necessary to punch out all code positions in the tape for each such line to prevent it from operating the linecasting machine, or to resort to elaborate methods and apparatus for editing the tape to eliminate such errors.

Another object of this invention is to provide quadding and indention controls whereby these functions, when ordered by appropriate operationof the keyboard, result in one or more successive punched codes in the tape, these codes containing the proper information for operation of the linecasting machine to insert spaces or leaders of sufiicient total width to accomplish these operations, taking into consideration the total widths of the characters selected for the line and the selected justified line length.

It will be understood that while the present invention has been characterized above with reference to the performation of a coded tape, such as a paper tape, the objects thereof are considered to include the recording of corresponding information on a magnetic tape, or on any other known medium capable of representing the coded information in an analogous manner.

Other objects of the invention relates to special functions of the tape coding machine designed to facilitate the operation of a linecasting maching therefrom, and these will be more clearly understood with reference to the following description.

With the foregoing objects and others hereinafter to be described in view, a principal feature of this invention resides in the provision of a suitable memory device, hereinafter referred to as a register, which initially receives coded information for each line consecutively entered into the machine by operation of the keys of a character keyboard and other controls relating to the manner in which'it is desired to compose the line. In general, these other controls relate to such functions as the setting of the desired justified line length in terms of a multiple of a given unit of space, the indention of one or both margins of the line, quadding to the right, left or, center, and the separation of the selected words ice or characters by leader characters or spaces representing a total width sufiicient to produce a justified line.

Another feature relates to-means for reading the coded information in the register consecutively, and for perforating a tape according to the information. In general, the codes in the register corresponding to selected characters are transferred directly tov the tape, while the codes for such operations as indention and quadding produce automatic sequencing operations resulting in the sequential perforation of a plurality of codes intended for operation of the linecasting machine in accordance with the corresponding operation.

Other features of the invention, as well as variations in the procedures generally described above, relate to certain details of the tape perforating machine as hereinafter described in detail with reference'to a preferred embodiment thereof.

In the drawings, FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the general organization of a tape perforating machine according to this invention;

FIGS. 2 to 10 and 12 to 18 are schematic circuit diagrams of the parts of the machine of FIG. 1. FIG. 2 shows the circuit for operation of the hammers which enter coded information into the register;

FIG. 3 shows the decimal-to-binary width converter circuit;

FIG. 4 shows the width accumulator circuit for accumulating the widths of the selected characters and the minimum spaceband widths in each line, said circuit being of the same type used elsewhere in the machine as a spa'ceband expansion accumulator for accumulating the available expansion of spacebands selected in, the line;

FIG. 5 shows the circuit for operation of a set of indicator lights representing the minimum additional space required in a line to bring it to a length suitable for justification by the spacebands if an assigned fixed space is added to each spaceband;

FIG. 6 shows a comparison circuit whichv indicates the momentary relationship between the line deficit (that is, the diiference between the justified line length and the total of character and minimum spaceband widths) and the value in the spaceband expansion. accumulator;

FIG. 7 shows the circuits for operation of indicator lights showing the deficit and the maximum additional space that may be added to a line Without causing its length to exceed the maximum value for which justification is accomplished by adding an assigned fixed space to each spaceband;

FIG. 8 shows controls operated from the keyboard to direct insertion of em and en leaders or spaces at particular positions in the line;

FIG. 9 shows the. reader for sensing the information.

in the register and for producing the sequential opera tions depending thereon;

FIG. 10 shows controls associated with a command for a rail shift on the linecasting machine, said rail shift operation being well-known in existing machines of this type and further described below under the heading.

Shifting the Rail;

FIG. 11 is a timing diagram for certain cam-operated contacts associated with the sequencing controls;

FIG. 12 shows circuits for sensing certain codes combinations in the register;

FIG. 13 shows controls for the margins, also referred to as indent-ion controls;

FIG. 14 shows controls for word and character spac- FIG. 15 shows controls for inserting blank spaces or leader characters;

FIG. 16 shows the circuit for operation of the tape perforating solenoids, alsoreferred to as the punch circuit;

FIG. 17 shows the circuit for controlling the perforation of consecutive code sequences in the tape for quadding a line to the left; and

FIG. 18 shows a circuit for quadding a line to the right, including the circuit for controlling the entry of coded information to the tape from the quadding circuits of FIGS. 17 and 18.

General description Referring to the drawings, the circuit diagrams illustrate the various relays and solenoids in mechanical association with their respective contacts, all contacts being i1- lustrated in the positions reached when the corresponding relays and solenoids are in the unenergized condition. Relays and solenoids illustrated in certain figures by dotted outlines are elsewhere shown in full outlines together with the corresponding energizing circuits. It is assumed that a source of electrical potential supplying either direct or alternating current of adequate capacity is provided for all operative parts of the machine, this source being connected between the frame of the machine designated ground and a bus designated as It will be noted that many of the relays and solenoids have one lead directly connected to while others are connected to through a resistance. Referring to FIG. 2 for example, the solenoid ERA is connected directly to while the relay HR is connected to through a resistance. The latter relay is energized by connection of its other, or energizing,

lead to ground, and the relay may be deenergized either by disconnection of its energizing lead from ground or by connection of a lead from a terminal T50 to ground, this latter connection forming a shunt circuit around the energizing coil. In the latter case, this resistance is shunted across the source of potential and must be of suflicient current carrying capacity for the voltage developed by the latter. In the following description the connection to any such relay which shunts its operating coil to dee'nergize it will be referred to simply as a shunt connection and the relay will be described as shunted.

An understanding of the illustrated machine is based upon a recognition of the basic mode of representation of the width of each character or space in a line to be represented by the tape. To each selectable matrix in the linecasting machine is assigned a width value equal to a se lected multiple of an elemental width unit arbitrarily designated as /2. The width of each character and space may be represented by some combination of the binary values /2, 1, 2, 4, 8 and 16.- An em space is assigned the value 16, an en space the value 8, and a thin space the value 4, although it will be understood that these values are arbitrarily assigned and may be changed if desired. It will be understood that the units employed in this machine have been selected to correspond to the widths of the space units employed in the matrices of linecasting machines in common use, and the width unit system is entirely arbitrary from the standpoint of the teachings of this invention.

In general, the selection of characters and other information at the keyboard of the machine results in the entry of width information to the register and to other circuits including the width and spaceband expansion accumulators by means of which information is indicated to the operator, for example by indicator lights, to indicate the capacity of the machine at each moment during the typing of a line to produce a justified line of type through the appropriate perforation of the tape. On the other hand, the coded information in the tape does not include a direct numerical representation of Width values of any kind, and each unique code in the tape merely represents the identity of a specific matrix to be selected by the linecasting machine. It will be apparent, therefore, that the Widths of the matrices employed in the linecasting machine must be capable of representation by the same width codes employed in representing the respective characters and spaces in the register.

It will be understood by those familiar with conventional linecasting machines that the justification of lines is ordinarily accomplished through the use of special matrices known as spacebands between the words in the line of type. These spacebands are expandablemembers which are capable of width-wise expansion to provide word spaces of variable widths. Each spaceband has a minimum .width and a maximum width, the difference between these widths being designated the maximum expansion.

It will also be understood that in a linecasting machine every line may be said to be justified, in the sense that the total of the widths of the characters, spaces and spacebands represented in the tape must necessarily equal a justified line length, assigning to each spaceband its minimum width with or without an incremental width not exceeding the maximum expansion.

The perforated tape which is used in the described machine is preferably identical to the tape which is commonly employed in a so-called Teletypesetter operation, and the individual codes entered in the tape are herein described as being identical to those commonly used by' a Teletypesetter machine to represent the individual matrices. The tape, not illustrated, has six perforation positions in the transverse dimension herein designated as the B, C, D, E, F and G positions which correspond respectively to the positions 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 in the Teletypesetter code.

Register-actuating circuits We next turn to a descriptionof the circuits actuated by the keyboard for entering information in the register. The register is preferably of the type described in the patent to Higonnet and Moyroud No. 2,690,249, and includes a frame to support a number of columns of depressible pins. Each keyboard selection which is to enter a unique code in the register results in the depression of a corresponding combination of the pins in a single column of the register. The number of columns available in the register is sufiicient to include all the codes that may be necessary for representing any given line of type. In general, each column will therefore represent a character, a space, a spaceband, or a special code representing a quadding, leader or indention operation. In the described machine, for example, such columns are provided. Each pin may assume either of two stable positions, namely, an unactuated position into which all pins are retracted before the entry of a new code, preferably when the old code has been sensed, and an actuated position to which certain combinations of pins are driven by associated hammers to represent the selected codes. There are 15 pins in each column respectively designated S, A, B, C, D, E, F, G, /2, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16 and P. For characters, the codes entered in the pins B, C, D, E, F and G are eventually sensed and transferred to the correspondingly identified perforator positions in the tape punching circuit. The Widths of the characters are entered in the positions designated A1, 1, 2, 4, 8 and 16. The pin designated A is actuated to represent upper case characters. The pin designated S is actuated when codes other than those designating characters are entered in the register to represent word spaces or special operations such as quadding or leaders, hereinafter described. The pin designated P in each column is actuated when the total of the pins B, C, D, E, F and G in that column that are actuated is an even number. This'is used in connection with a parity checking circuit hereinafter described. Re-

ferring to FIG. 2 an input carriage escapement solenoid J riage is'a reading carriage having a number of sensing contacts designated Reader in FIG. 9, there being a sensing contact for. each pin in. a single column. A reading carriage advance solenoid RCA SOL shown in FIG. 14 is energized to advance the reading carriage from one column to the next in the register.

In accordance with said Patent No. 2,690,249, correction of any code stored in the register may be accomplished by retraction of the actuated pins in the corresponding column, provided this is accomplished before the given line is terminated. To this end a backspace magnet BSM (FIG. 2) is energized to engage and move the typewriter escapement and the input carriage backwards one position each time a key designated BAC'K SPACE is depressed. In addition to the hammers, the input carriage alsohas a number of correction sensing contacts opposite the width-representing pins, shown in the lower part of FIG. 2. Operation of a correction sensing solenoid SENS causes these contacts to sense the positions of the width-representing pins of the erroneouslyselected character for the purpose of subtracting this width from the previously-accumulated total of widths in the selected line. A solenoid ERA is energized after the sensing operation to retract all pins representing the erroneously-typed character. Referring to FIG. 9, an input carriage-return solenoid designated ICR SOL is one gized to return the input carriage to the starting end of the register after each line has been typed. A reading carriage return solenoid designated RCR SOL is energized to return the reading carriage, after each line in the register has been sensed, to a starting position one step in advance of the first column in which pins are depressed, as explained below. Referring again to FIG. 2, a typewriter escapemen-t solenoid TESC is energized to escape the typewriter platen during the typing of a line. In general,

during the typing of a line the input carriage and the typewriter escapement solenoids ICE and TESC are energized substantially simultaneously.

The circuits for energizing the individual hammer solenoids shown in FIG. 2 and designated as HSS, HSA, HSB, HSC, HSD HS /2, H51 HSP are described in greater detail below. Concurrently with the energizing of these solenoids information is entered in a pair of accumulators respectively designated a width accumulator A and a spaceband expansion accumulator X (FIG. 1). The width accumulator partially shown in FIG. 4 is a twelve-stage binary relay counter preset to a count value at the initiation of the typing of each line equal to the difference between its capacity and a selected justified line length. This accumulator advances from the preset value each time a character or spaceband is selected by the assigned width of the character or the minimum width of the spaceband, as the case may be. At the end of the typing of a line the difference between the capacity of this accumulator and the count reached equals the deficit, that is, the space which must be added to the line to justify it. The presetting means may take any desired form and they may comprise momentary switches such as or any known equivalent means.

The spaceband expansion accumulator X is a counter constructed in a same manner as the width accumulator A, the principle difference being that the stages of the width accumulator has the space values /2 to "1024 while those of the expansion accumulator have the values to 512. The expansion accumulator accumulates a total equal to the maximum available expansion which may be added to a line by the selected number of spacebands, assigning to each spaceband an available maximum expansion which as described under the heading Justification Indicators, may be somewhat less than the actual maximum expansion of the matrix.

Accumulator circuits The principles of operation of the accumulators may be understood by reference to FIG. 4 which illustrates the width accumulator. A cable C4 has six binary input leads connected with terminals IN-V: IN-16, these leads being energized in combinations representing in binary form the value of each width to be consecutively added to the value previously accumulated. Each stage includes an input relay such as E1, a pair of relays such as A1 and B1, a carry lead and a no carry lead. When each width value is entered a lead 11 and either the carry or the no canry lead to each stage is energized according to whether or not the addition of the new Width to the previously accumulated total, involves a carry from the stage of next lower order.

7 Assuming that a direct input of value 1 is entered by grounding of the terminal IN-l and that there is no carry from the preceding stage, the relay E1 is energized and locks on a terminal T70, and a no carry ground is connected via leads 12 and 14, make contacts 16 of the relay E1, a lead 18, break contacts of the relay B1 and leads 20 and 22 to energize the relay A1. The energized no carry lead into the stage is connected via make contacts 26 of the relay E1 and break contacts 28 of the relay B1 to the no carry lead 30 to the next stage. The relay A1 closes its contacts 26 having a ground connection supplied through break contacts 33 of a relay EL and a resistor 34. The relay B1 is not energized due to a shunt connection over a lead 38 which prevents its energization by ground through the contacts 36.

Removal of the ground applied to the lead 1 8 removes the shunt connection to the relay B1 and allows it to become energized through the contacts 36. Both relays now remain energized, the current through the resistor 34 being sufiicient to hold the relay A1 in the energized condition but substantially less than the current which originally energized it.

r The energized condition of the relays A1 and B1 indicates that the stage is now in the 1 position. With the stage in this position, assuming the same input conditions for the next width value to be added, the no canry ground which again reaches the lead 18 finds a connection through make contacts 40' of the relay B1 to shunt the relay A1. This relay quickly releases because the hold- 1ng current through it is relatively small and the generated by the current flowing through it in the shunted condition is correspondingly small, and it opens its contacts -36 to open the previously-used energizing circuit of the relay B1. The latter relay remains energized, however, through a lead 42, until removal of the ground applied to the lead 18. While the latter, ground connection continues, a connection is made from the no carry lead 12 into the stage, and through grounded make contacts 44 and make contacts 46 of the relay B1 to the carry lead 48 to the next stage.

It will be observed that the input conditions described above result in grounding of the lead 18. This same result and the above-described operation also follow if there is a carry to the stage but no direct input. In this case ground is applied to the lead 18 via the grounded carry lead 50 into the stage, a lead 52 and break contacts 16 of the relay E1. If the stage is in the 0 position the ground on the break contacts 44 is connected to the no carry lead 30 through the break contacts 28 of the relay B1. If the stage is in the 1 position the grounded carry lead 50 is connected to the carry lead 48 through break contacts 54 of the relay E1 and the make contacts 46 of the relay B1.

Simultaneous direct and carry inputs to a stage fail to change its position and result in grounding the carry lead 48. The lead 18 is not energized. If the stage is in the 0 position the ground carry connection is from the lead 56 through make contacts 54 and break contacts 48. If the stage is in the 1 position the ground on the blade of the contacts 44 is connected to the lead 48 through the make contacts 46.

Input sequence The sequence of operations resulting from depression of a key is next described. The typewriter 56 (FIG. 1) is generally similar to non-justifying electrical typewriters now in wide use and has a platen carriage on which a copy of the characters is made so that the work may be visually checked by the operator. The preferred machine has forty-three typing keys. Each of these has a coded tripping bar which is moved when the corresponding key is struck. Coded notches on these bars push against a number of permutation bars of a conventional form which in turn close combinations of permutation bar contacts. These contacts in turn ground combinations of leads in a cable C leading to the hammer circuit (FIG. 2). As shown in FIG. 1, the codes on these leads eventually actuate the register pins S, A, B, C, D, E, F, G and P.

Each coded tripping bar for a character also actuates a width contact directly. Each such contact is connected te a unique wire such as 58 leading to transfer contacts of a case shift relay CSR energized by depressing the case shift key on the typewriter. These latter contacts arein turn connected to three sets of coded multiple-circuit cards, not here shown but fully described in the copending application of Higonnet and Moyroud Serial No. 741,209, filed June 9, 1958. A number of styles of type may be selected by the operator, each style including two fonts such as roman and bold face. In accordance with conventional linecasting practice, each matrix actually bears two characters, a character in one font which may be selected by dropping the matrix on the rail and a character in the other font which may be selected by dripping the matrix 01f the rail. For each style a card group consisting of a pair of lower case cards and an upper case card is provided. The groups may be selected mechanically as described in the above application, or by any equivalent means. The cards are connected to cables C2 and C3 shown in FIG. 3. The function of the cards is to energize a single one of the wires on a single cable C2 or C3 each time a character key is strucks. Of the latter wires, each has a corresponding decimal width value which is the value for the selected character matrix in the selected style. An inspection of FIG. 3 will show that a total of 26 width values is provided.

The circuit of FIG. 3 is a decimal-to-binary converter which makes connections to binary leads in a cable C4 representing the width value in binary form.

Inputs to the register and to the accumulators are also accomplished by operation of auxiliary pushbuttons adjacent the keyboard. These are further described below. The corresponding circuits by-pass the permutation bar circuits described above.

We now consider in detail the sequence of operations resulting from depression of a character key. Referring to FIG. 2, a fragmentary circuit diagram is shown for the code leads in the cable C5 which operate register pin positions D and E. The circuit for the other positions is of the same form and will be readily understood by one skilled in the art. Taking for example permutation bar contacts PBC-D, closure of these connects ground through break contacts of a keyboard locking relay KBL to a terminal IN-D and energizes a hammer solenoid HSD which depresses the corresponding pin in the register. Ground through a lead 60 energizes a relay UCR which closes make contacts to energize the typewriter escapernent solenoid TESC.

When the pin is pushed in, the hammer solenoid is released by the following circuit. Closure of contacts 62 of the relay UCR connects ground to one side of a hammer relay HR but the latter relay is shunted by break contacts 64 of the solenoid HSD until the latter is operated. When the solenoid HSD has operated the shunt connection to the relay HR is opened and the latter becomes energized to signal completion of the register entry. It will be noted that in the average case where several pins are to be depressed, the relay HR is not energized until all pins have been depressed. The operated relay HR energizes the input carriage escapernent and hammer return solenoids ICE and HRET and opens its break contacts 66 in the hammer solenoid energizing circuit. The relay UCR releases upon the opening of the closed PBC-contacts.

The now energized relay HR locks on its make contacts 63 and parallel break contacts of the solenoids TESC and ICE. When the latter solenoids have been energized the locking ground to the relay HR is removed and the latter is deenergized.

The relay UCR cannot be released to cause opening of its contacts 62 prematurely and. thereby to produce failure of the relay HR to become energized. This is prevented by a holding circuit for the relay UCR from its contacts 70 through make-before-break contacts 68 of the relay HR and the above-mentioned parallel break contacts of the solenoids TESC and ICE.

Striking of a character key also closes its Width con-' tacts as previously stated and through the style cards and the decimal-to-binary converter circuit of FIG. 3 grounds a combination of the binary width input terminals connected to the cable C4 (FIG. 2). For purposes of description only the circuit for the terminal IN-l is shown. The grounding of the terminal IN-l energizes the relay UCR and this has the'same effect on the sequence of operation as energization of the solenoid HSD already described. Grounding of the terminal IN-l also causes energization of the hammer solenoid HSl. While this operation is being performed the width value is also entered in the width accumulator through other connections of the cable C4 previously described in connection with FIG. 4. As shown in FIG. 4, the relays E /2 E16 lock on parallel make contacts of the relays UCR and HR to prevent the transfer of contacts of the E-relays while the carry and no carry leads are grounded, which would produce false accumulator entries. Also, the entry to the accumulator is initiated by closure of contacts 72 of the relay HR'which supply the ground connections to the operating circuits previously described.

It will be noted that these circuits insure that the accumulator entry will not be initiated until the relay HR is energized and the latter relay is not energized until both the hammer solenoid H81 and the relay E1 have been operated. Prior to that time, either the contacts 74 of the solenoid HSl (FIG. 2) or the contacts 76 of the relay E1 (FIG. 4) are closed and connect ground to the terminal TStl. Means are also provided to insure that the relay HR is. not deenergized until all accumulator entries have been completed. Referring to FIG. 4, a lead such as 18 is energized in each stage which is to change position. Contacts 40 of the relay such as B1 and parallel contacts such as 77 of the relay such as A1 connect this lead to a terminal T43to lock the relay HR (FIG. 2) if either (a) the lead 18, isenergized while the stage is in the 0 position and the relay A1 has not yet operated, or (b) the lead 13 is energized while the stage is in the 1 position and the relay A1 has not yet released.

. Striking of the spacebar at the keyboard actuates a Width con-tact whichgrounds. a wire 78 (FIG. 1). This wire is connected to *a special style card similar in general structure to the style cards previously described but having a binary rather than a decimal output. This card has seven binary output leads connected by a cable C7 to input terminals IN% to IN-16 of the expansion accumulator X. The card connects the wire 78 with those inputs which represent in binary form the value of the maximum available expansion which a spaceband is capable of adding in the style selected. The accumulator X begins withthevalue 0 when each line is typed. This card also has six binary output leads connected by a cable C9 to input terminals /2 to 16 of the width accumulator A, and it connects the wire 73 with those 

1. IN TYPESETTING, THE METHOD OF TRANSLATING CHARACTER CODES AND SPACE CODES REPRESENTING A TEXT INTO CODES ADAPTED FOR TRANSCRIPTION IN JUSTIFIED LINES, COMPRISING THE STEPS OF GENERATING THE CHARACTER CODES AND SPACE CODES IN THE CONSECUTIVE ORDER IN WHICH THE CORRESPONDING CHARACTERS AND SPACED APPEAR IN SAID TEXT, SIMULTANEOUSLY AND SEPARATELY MEASURING (A) THE PRODUCT OF A CUMULATIVE NUMBER OF SPACE CODES AND A MAXIMUM EXPANSION CONSTANT AND (B) A LINE DEFICIT AS INDICATED BY THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN A PREDETERMINED JUSTIFIED LINE LENGTH AND A CUMULATIVE TOTAL OF WIDTH VALUES CORRESPONDING TO THE RESPECTIVE GENERATED CHARACTER CODES INCLUDING A MINIMUM EXPANSION CONSTANT FOR EACH GENERATED SPACE CODE, CONTINUOUSLY COMPARING SAID DEFICIT WITH A FUNCTION OF SAID PRODUCT UNTIL THE FUNCTION EXCEEDS THE DEFICIT, THEREAFTER OPTIONALLY CONTINUOUSLY COMPARING SAID DEFICIT WITH SAID PRODUCT ITSELF UNTIL THE PRODUCT EXCEEDS THE DEFICIT, TERMINATING THE GENERATING OF CHARACTER CODES AND SPACE CODES, AND REPEATING THE GENERATED CHARACTER AND SPACE CODES CONSECUTIVELY, INSERTING A FIXED CODE IN THE SEQUENCE WITH EACH SPACE CODE IF, WHEN THE GENERATING OF CHARACTER CODES AND SPACE CODES WAS TERMINATED, SAID FUNCTOIN EXCEEDED SAID DEFICIT AND SAID PRODUCT DID NOT EXCEED SAID DEFICIT. 